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17th
International Architecture Exhibition
La Biennale di Venezia
Pavilion of Turkey
22/05—21/11/2021
SALE D'ARMI, ARSENALE
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PAPERWORK23
THE
SUBJECT’S
ARCHITECTURE
Center for Spatial Justice
Published on
05/05/2021
Keywords
SPATIAL JUSTICE, INFORMAL SETTLEMENT, DWELLER
Photo: Bekir Dindar.
Published on
05/05/2021
Keywords
SPATIAL JUSTICE, INFORMAL SETTLEMENT, DWELLER
THE
SUBJECT’S
ARCHITECTURE
Center for Spatial Justice

A ring in the chain of spatial injustices caused by the interventions of capital groups in rural and urban spaces is the informal settlements. This photo is from a gecekondu neighborhood1 in Istanbul, which has continuously faced struggles in issues such as legal assurance, municipal service, and neighborhood restoration as well as the threat of displacement and urban transformation. The dwellers, who have migrated to the city in the 1950s for work opportunities in factories, have gained access to many municipal services from sidewalks to drinking water, and from means of transport to lamp posts through their very own efforts; they have constructed their own fountains, gardens, and playgrounds together in solidarity. Today, however, the new standards of capital are threatening the dwellers to be removed from the life they built in Istanbul, which now develops mainly on real estate income.

In the photograph, it is possible to trace the makeshift state of the gecekondu as a result of its completion overnight and the additions made at different times, in line with various needs and as far as the materials at hand allow. This shows us that the gecekondus were built as a result of the spaces and spatial practices produced by the inhabitants as subjects and whose measure is the inhabitants themselves. The power of the sense of belonging in gecekondus, where spatial practice takes place from the bottom up—which changes and transforms according to the preferences and needs of the user—can be read from the interventions made to personalize and improve the living spaces and the struggles to protect them. As a result, the spaces formed in gecekondus are produced by "life" itself. They stand out with their use-value and take their “measure” from the user, that is the architect who can directly participate in the production of the space.

1
Editorial note: the Turkish term gecekondu translates into English as “put up overnight.” The term refers to low-income affordable housing usually informally built without adequate permissions. Translations such as “shanty house,” “squatter house,” or “slum house” have been widely used to describe such structures, but since none of these terms truly reflect the specificities of gecekondu, we are using it in its original form.
  1. Editorial note: the Turkish term gecekondu translates into English as “put up overnight.” The term refers to low-income affordable housing usually informally built without adequate permissions. Translations such as “shanty house,” “squatter house,” or “slum house” have been widely used to describe such structures, but since none of these terms truly reflect the specificities of gecekondu, we are using it in its original form.

About the author Center for Spatial Justice (MAD) carries out transdisciplinary works to develop fairer, more ecological, and democratic processes/practices in cities and rural spaces. They produce, collect and share rights-based, innovative, qualified, and public knowledge. With the knowledge they produce, MAD aims to contribute to the development of policies that will make spaces of accommodation, work, and recreation more habitable for all in Istanbul and beyond.